Sociología de la comunicación

A obra Análise automática do discurso, de Michel Pêcheux, considerada um dos marcos do nascimento da Análise do discurso francesa, pode também ser encarada como uma etapa de um projeto já em andamento. Trata-se do projeto teórico de Pêcheux, que começa a se desenhar nos primeiros artigos que autor publica entre 1966 e 1968, dois deles assinados com o pseudônimo de Thomas Herbert. O aparato teórico-conceitual apresentado e as temáticas desenvolvidas por Pêcheux na referida obra (e no decurso de sua trajetória teórica) possuem uma estreita relação com ideias e concepções desses textos, dedicados à reflexão sobre a ideologia, a história das ciências e a um método de análise do discurso. O livro de Claudiana Narzetti é voltado à reconstrução do período de constituição desse projeto, com ênfase na explicitação dos problemas que conduziram o autor da tarefa de elaboração de uma teoria das ideologias à construção da análise do discurso; das relações existentes entre esses dois projetos; da função que o instrumento análise do discurso desempenhava neles e do papel particular das três ciências que estão na sua base: Materialismo Histórico, Linguística e Psicanálise.

In the past decade, obesity has emerged as a major public health concern in the United States and abroad. At the federal, state, and local level, policy makers have begun drafting a range of policies to fight a war against fat, including body-mass index (BMI) report cards, "snack taxes," and laws to control how fast food companies market to children. As an epidemic, obesity threatens to weaken the health, economy, and might of the most powerful nation in the world.

In Killer Fat, Natalie Boero examines how and why obesity emerged as a major public health concern and national obsession in recent years. Using primary sources and in-depth interviews, Boero enters the world of bariatric surgeries, Weight Watchers, and Overeaters Anonymous to show how common expectations of what bodies are supposed to look like help to determine what sorts of interventions and policies are considered urgent in containing this new kind of disease.

Boero argues that obesity, like the traditional epidemics of biological contagion and mass death, now incites panic, a doomsday scenario that must be confronted in a struggle for social stability. The "war" on obesity, she concludes, is a form of social control. Killer Fat ultimately offers an alternate framing of the nation's obesity problem based on the insights of the "Healthy at Every Size" movement.

After 9/11, there was an increase in both the incidence of hate crimes and government policies that targeted Arabs and Muslims and the proliferation of sympathetic portrayals of Arabs and Muslims in the U.S. media. Arabs and Muslims in the Media examines this paradox and investigates the increase of sympathetic images of “the enemy” during the War on Terror.

Evelyn Alsultany explains that a new standard in racial and cultural representations emerged out of the multicultural movement of the 1991s that involves balancing a negative representation with a positive one, what she refers to as “simplified complex representations.” This has meant that if the storyline of a TV drama or film represents an Arab or Muslim as a terrorist, then the storyline also includes a “positive” representation of an Arab, Muslim, Arab American, or Muslim American to offset the potential stereotype. Analyzing how TV dramas such as The Practice, 24, Law and Order, NYPD Blue, and Sleeper Cell, news-reporting, and non-profit advertising have represented Arabs, Muslims, Arab Americans, and Muslim Americans during the War on Terror, this book demonstrates how more diverse representations do not in themselves solve the problem of racial stereotyping and how even seemingly positive images can produce meanings that can justify exclusion and inequality.

Media and the Riots – A Call For Action is the first report to examine the relationship between mainstream media and communities affected by the "riots" in English cities a year ago. It also looks at the role of social media and citizen journalism.

The comprehensive report, written by University of Leicester social scientist Dr Leah Bassel, comes from a conference in the UK held last November which was unique because it brought young people and community members living in riot affected areas face to face with media representatives including journalists. Media and the Riots – A Call For Action contains conclusions and recommendations that pave the way for much better future news reporting. Featuring a foreword by top media commentator Roy Greenslade, it has taken months of work to produce.

La educación para la recepción (ER) es un esfuerzo de carácter mundial por reducir los efectos nocivos de los medios en el receptor, y para generar en éste una actitud crítica, reflexiva independiente y creativa, que le permita reasumir su papel dinámico en el proceso de la comunicación, así como tomar una distancia óptima entre aquéllos y sus mensajes.
Los autores aportan la experiencia adquirida en este ámbito, en un objetivo que compromete al ser humano a utilizar los medios de comunicación en tanto recursos para su desarrollo integral y no como instrumentos de dominación o de comercialización indiscriminada.
En una época en que la mayor parte de la comunicación se da a través de los medios, los padres de familia, maestros, comunicólogos y público en general deben estar informados sobre las funciones y el manejo de los medios, para lograr un equilibrio entre los efectos de sus mensajes —procurando contrarrestar aquellos que sean negativos— y los beneficios mediáticos que son aplicables a la educación.

El concepto democracia se ha convertido recientemente en un verdadero trending topic —tema del momento— no solo en el espacio 2.1 sino también en el conjunto de la esfera pública y de la teoría política que se pregunta por su situación actual, sus problemas y sus cambios más recientes. En una era mar­ca­da por el creciente distanciamiento entre la ciudadanía y la cla­se política, por las movilizaciones ciudadanas y por la incer­ti­dumbre, el autor examina algunas dinámicas transfor­madoras que afectan a la democracia como resultado de la aparición de nue­­vas formas de participación ciudadana. Unas dinámi­cas que se consolidan, al menos en parte, debido a la expan­si­ón y a un uso determinado de las posibilidades que ofrece la nueva ga­la­xia mediática. En el presente libro se profundiza, en concreto, en el concepto de democracia monitorizada, propuesto por John Keane, como una noción capaz de explicar estos procesos transformadores así como de contextualizar fenómenos como las filtraciones llevadas a cabo por Wikileaks o el reciente movi­miento 15-M. Acontecimientos que ocupan un lugar especial en esta breve obra.

Research consistently shows how through the years more of our time gets spent using media, how multitasking our media has become a regular feature of everyday life, and that consuming media for most people increasingly takes place alongside producing media.
Media Life is a primer on how we may think of our lives as lived in rather than with media. The book uses the way media function today as a prism to understand key issues in contemporary society, where reality is open source, identities are – like websites – always under construction, and where private life is lived in public forever more.
Ultimately, media are to us as water is to fish. The question is: how can we live a good life in media like fish in water? Media Life offers a compass for the way ahead.

Book Synopsis:
Sociologists can learn a lot from studying a group’s media consumption patterns. In this study, Ogunyemi researches what stories are most resonant with Black Africans living in England. The book tries to discover whether or not this minority group adopts normative approaches to media coverage, by not only consuming but participating in media. It also discusses the omission of African stories by the mainstream media in England. This book will contribute to understanding ethnic media trends.
Table of Contents
Foreword by Professor Martin Conboy

Chapter 1: Introduction: Theorizing the Media of African Diasporas

Chapter 2: Organization and Production Practices

Chapter 3: Content: Professional Values, Orientation and Connective Functions

Chapter 4: Audiences: Media Habits and Migratory Experiences

Chapter 5: Internet Habits, Representation and Participation

Conclusion: Future: What does the future hold for media of African Diasporas?

Bibliography
Index

A los medios en los procesos electorales en México por lo general se les ha analizado desde una perspectiva nacional, haciendo énfasis en las empresas de comunicación asentadas en la Ciudad de México. el centralismo que padecemos en los medios con frecuencia se ha trasladado al análisis de la comunicación política. Pero el conocimiento de los medios, la política y la sociedad resulta incompleto si no atendemos a su comportamiento en situaciones locales. De allí el mérito de este libro. Seis de los artículos que aparecen en estas páginas estudian con detalle a los medios en las elecciones locales que tuvieron lugar en 2110 en Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Zacatecas, Veracruz y Puebla. Otro examina la cobertura que la prensa de la Ciudad de México ofreció a las elecciones estatales de ese año. Un texto más se ocupa de los monitoreos de medios desde una perspectiva regional que no descuida enfoques federales. Y otros dos se refieren a la propaganda política en Internet y a las varias maneras que, en elecciones locales y federales, han desplegado candidatos y medios para burlar la legislación electoral. Este es un libro para entender las elecciones, aquilatar el papel de los medios y reconocer la dimensión local en los procesos políticos.

Consumer culture is synonymous with westernised societies. How did this particular ethic come to achieve so much success? This book argues that one reason is the seductive way in which it is promoted through the media. To demonstrate this, the book provides a detailed analysis of the case study of consumer magazine covers and argues that the ways magazines are displayed and sold in retail spaces, the literal glossiness of the texts, and the intertwined messages about sexiness, commodities and self-identity communicated by them combine to create a powerful and seductive advertisement for consumer culture. These strategies are not taken for granted, but questioned and put into the context of bigger scholarly debates about 'the public', 'power' and identity in neoliberal societies.